Harm Reduction includes strategies, programs, and practices aimed at supporting individuals who continue to use drugs, either before they are ready to seek treatment or during periods of relapse. It is a goal- oriented approach focused on minimizing the health risks and harm associated with substance use. One key harm reduction initiative is Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST), which helps individuals recover from opioid dependence.

OST is an effective treatment that also plays a vital role in preventing HIV and Hepatitis C. Currently, 12 OST sites operate across 10 districts in Nepal, including eight government-managed and four NGO-managed sites. However, there are no OST services available in Karnali and Sudurpaschim provinces.